Dilated biliary system

Benign biliary stricture--should they be dilated or treated surgically?

Management of benign biliary stricture remains a challenge for both surgeons and therapeutic endoscopists. Traditionally, surgery is considered the mainstay of treatment, but it is associated with significant morbidity and variable long-term outcome. With advances in endoscopic techniques and accessories, endoscopic management is emerging as an effective option. Outcome of endoscopic management...

Biliary tree opacification using a trans-gallbladder approach: how to improve biliary drainage in patients with non-dilated biliary ducts

Development of the human intrahepatic biliary system.

In the development of the human biliary system, the extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBD) develop from the embryonic hepatic diverticulum, while the intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBD) originate within the liver from the ductal plate. The ductal plate is a flat muralium of primitive biliary epithelium that develops in the mesenchyme along the branches of the portal vein, by a process which requires a delic...

Influence of the Biliary System on Biliary Bacteria Revealed by Bacterial Communities of the Human Biliary and Upper Digestive Tracts.

Biliary bacteria have been implicated in gallstone pathogenesis, though a clear understanding of their composition and source is lacking. Moreover, the effects of the biliary environment, which is known to be generally hostile to most bacteria, on biliary bacteria are unclear. Here, we investigated the bacterial communities of the biliary tract, duodenum, stomach, and oral cavity from six galls...

A man with dilated superficial abdominal veins.

Background: The clinical presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) varies tremendously depending upon the type of lymphoma and the areas of involvement. NHL can rarely present as an abdominal mass compressing the inferior vena cava. The clinical presentation due to obstruction of inferior vena cava has often been called the inferior vena cava syndrome (IVCS). It can present acutely or chronica...